If
you or your spouse is having difficulty going to sleep or staying asleep during
the night this information should help.
Poor
sleep habits are not well understood and are often the cause of insomnia, not
being able to stay asleep or awakening too early in the morning. Many Americans
stay up too late and get up too early. Taking various kinds of drugs and chemicals
(too much caffeine), working late, watching TV and other late evening or night
activities overstimulate ourselves and result in sleep problems.
Suggestions that help most people fall
asleep, sleep better and sleep longer.
Fix a bedtime and an awakening time. Do
not be one of those people who allows bedtime and awakening time to drift. The
body "gets used" to falling asleep at a certain time, but only if
this is relatively fixed. Even if you are retired or not working, this is an
essential component of good sleeping habits.
Avoid napping during the day. If you nap throughout the day, it
is no wonder that you will not be able to sleep at night. The late afternoon
for most people is a "sleepy time." Many people will take a nap at
that time. This is generally not a bad thing to do, provided you limit the nap
to 30-45 minutes and can sleep well at night.
Avoid alcohol 4-6 hours before bedtime. Many
people believe that alcohol helps them sleep. While alcohol has an immediate sleep-inducing effect, a few hours later as
the alcohol levels in your blood start to fall, there is a stimulant or wake-up
effect.
Avoid caffeine 4-6 hours before bedtime. This
includes caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea and many sodas, as well as
chocolate, so be careful.
Avoid heavy, spicy, or sugary foods 4-6 hours
before bedtime. These
can affect your ability to stay asleep.
Exercise regularly, but not right before bed. Regular exercise, particularly in
the afternoon, can help deepen sleep. Strenuous exercise within the 2 hours
before bedtime, however, can decrease your ability to fall asleep.
Use comfortable bedding. Uncomfortable bedding can prevent
good sleep. Evaluate whether or not this is a source of your problem, and make
appropriate changes.
Find a comfortable temperature setting for
sleeping and keep the room well ventilated. If your bedroom is too cold or
too hot, it can keep you awake. A cool (not cold) bedroom is often the most
conducive to sleep.
Block out all distracting noise, and eliminate as much light as
possible.
Reserve the bed for sleep. Don't use the bed as an office,
workroom or recreation room. Let your body "know" that the bed is
associated with sleeping.
Try a light snack before bed. Warm milk and foods high in the
amino acid tryptophan, such as bananas, may help you to sleep.
Practice relaxation techniques before bed. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, deep breathing and
others may help relieve anxiety and reduce muscle tension.
Don't take your worries to bed. Leave your worries about job,
school, daily life, etc., behind when you go to bed. Problem solving or even
thinking of disturbing things can keep you awake. If you must think of
something pick relaxing and fun things to think about—even phantasies can help
you sleep.
Establish a pre-sleep ritual. Pre-sleep rituals, such as a warm
bath or a few minutes of reading, can help you sleep.
Get into your favorite sleeping position. If you don't fall asleep within
15-30 minutes, get up, go into another room, and read until sleepy.
Getting up in the middle of the night
Most
people wake up one or two times a night for various reasons. If you find that
you get up in the middle of night and cannot get back to sleep within 15-20 minutes, then do not remain in the bed
"trying hard" to sleep. Get out of bed. Leave the bedroom. Read, have
a light snack, do some quiet activity, or take a bath. You will generally find
that you can get back to sleep 20 minutes or so later. Do not perform
challenging or engaging activity such as office work, housework, etc. Do not
watch television.
Many
people fall asleep with the television on in their room. Watching television
before bedtime is often a bad idea. Television is a very engaging medium that
tends to keep you up, particularly if the programming is stimulating.. Some
people find that the radio or music helps them go to sleep.
Physical, psychological and medicinal factors
- Several physical factors are known to upset sleep. These include arthritis, acid reflux with heartburn, menstruation, headaches and hot flashes.
- Psychological and mental health problems like depression, anxiety and stress are often associated with sleeping difficulty. In many cases, difficulty staying asleep may be the only presenting sign of depression. A physician should be consulted about these issues to help determine the problem and the best treatment.
- Many medications can cause sleeplessness as a side effect. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if medications you are taking can lead to sleeplessness.
- To help overall improvement in sleep patterns, your doctor may prescribe sleep medications for short-term relief of a sleep problem. The decision to take sleeping aids is a medical one to be made in the context of your overall health picture.
Follow
the advice of your physician and other healthcare professionals. The goal is to rediscover how to sleep
naturally.
- For more information or to arrange for a sleep consultation for adults call 410-706-4771. For children, call 410-706-3285.
Primary Content source:
University of Maryland Medical Center